Construction of adjustable spanners, wrenches, clamps, pipe-cutters, pipe-grips, and the like



F. HuMPHms. CONSTRUCTION 0 ADJUSTABLE SPANNERS. WRENCHES, CLAMPS, PIPE CUTTERS, PIPE GRIPS,

AND THE UKE.

F. HUMPHRIS.

CONSTRUCTION 0F ADJUSTABLE SPANNEHS. wRENcHEs, cLAMPs, PIPE cuTTERs, PIPE GRIPS,

AND THE LIKE.

l APPLICATIUN FILED JULY 1T. I9l9- 1,393,534. yPatented Oct. 11', 1921.

. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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HG. I7.

UNirED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK HUMEHRIS, 0E Eosooi/TEE, ENGLAND.

ooNsTEUCTToNoE ADJUsTAELEsrANNEEs. wEENcHEs, cLAMrs, PIPE-CUTTEES,

PIPE-GRIPS, AND THE LIKE.

A 'Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct, 11, 1921,k I Appncation mea 11,115' 17, 1919. serial No. 311,676.

(GRANTED UNDER THErEovIsroNs or THE AcT or MARGH 3, '1921, 41 sTAT. L., 1313.)

i To aZZYwwm t may concern:

Be it known that I, F RANK HUMPHRIS, a

subject of the King of Great-Britain, 'residing at Boscombe, England, have invented a new and useful Improvedy Construction'of Adjustable Spannersfl/Vrenches, Clamps,

Pipe-Cutters, Pipe-Grips, and the-like, (for .f

which I have filed an application in Eng# land, September 18, 1917, No. 13364,)V of which the following is av specification.

The presenty invention relatesv tothe construction of adjustable spanners, wrenches, clamps, pipe-cutters, pipegrips vand similar tools and its object is toprovide an outer from sheet metal and then bending4 or forming the blank tothe desired shape and join-1 ing the edge 'parts thereof where they abut by welding, brazing or the likelyY The chief Xed partsfof thevv tool may beE securedtolthe shell or body by spot or other weldingproeesses or by yrivets or otherwise and the chief operable parts controlling the movable jaws or the like are' mounted in or. they may.

on the said Vshell or body so that slide or turnv as the case may be.

Further features 'of the said invention consist in providing projecting parts in a shell or body produced as described between which the fixed jaw is secured; parts to vprovide additional gripping faces adjacent to the fixed jaw; parts for bending Aaround rand joining together at the jawv opening edgey of the tool and parts for accommodating the handle or the screw device .for controlling the movablev jaw of the tool.'

In order that the said inventionmay be clearly' understood andl readily carried out it is hereinafter described with reference to the 'accompanying drawings `in 'connection with'adjustable sp'anners, and 'pipe wrenches but it is to be understood that the invention is applicable to pipe-cuttersand other similar tools and the embodiments illustrated are given by way of example.

In the said drawings:

Figure 1' is a sectional side one form of an adjustable Spanner provided with an outer shell or body made according to 'this invention.

Fig. 2 is al side view of another form of an outer shell or body'made according tothe saidinvention, in'this case forming part' of an adjustable pipe-wrench.

F is a side view 'of' the outer shell or bodyemployed on thel adjustable pipewrench shown in Fig. 2. A l

Fig. 4 isa side View of the outer shell or' ,bodyemployed on the'adjusta'ble Spanner shownin Fig. 1.

elevation of' Fig. ,5 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line T'. S. Fig. 4.

Fig. 61s a cross-sectional view taken on the line R. Q.. Fig. 4.

"Fig: 7 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line P. L. Fig. 4.

Fig; Sis an underside or end view of Fig. 3 viewed from the bottom of that ligure.A f

. Fig. Q is a cross-sectional.' view taken'onthe line Z. Y. Fig. 3.

Fig. 10`is va cross-sectional view taken o videdv and employed for constructing the body shown `in Fig. 3, 'before folding or bending 1t to shape.

Fig. 14 is a crosssectional view taken on the line V. Ui F ig. 3 andassuming that the'.

hollowperforated packing usedin this form of body is in place and also cross-sectioned.

' Fig. 15 shows 'a modification of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 shows another modification' of F ig. 14. i

Fig.l17 is a side view` of an outer shellv or bodyof an adjustableltool, made according to the methods employed in the construction of the 'devices shown in Figs. 3 and 4 but modating-a known method of adjusting nut. ln thefollowing description the same let ters of reference-refer to like parts through- .out the drawings.

' In one embodimentof thefsaid invention, shown by Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12, the shell or body a forany ofthe before-'mentioned tools is formed in such a manner that when taken or viewed in cross-section to its axis-it has in one form of construction a channel or U-form at the'end wherethe jaws of spanremote from the jaw-end (andfor a portion of a lengthof the tool suflicient` to form ahandle orto accommodate, aV rotatablyA mounted sleeve or long hollow-controllingV nut thereon) the shell or body a is preferably of tubular form, either circular in crossv section as at a2 or elliptical in cross-section. j yIn a modiied form thesaid shell-or body a, as shown by Figs. .2, 3 and 13, has the same channel or U-form at the jawend provided for the same purposes as before-mentioned, butyits other end instead yof being circular or elliptical in cross-section, represents two strip Vparts t3 at a distanceapa'rtand of a length approximately the same as the vertical sides of the U or Vchannel form. ,Between these Vtwo strip -parts a3 a hollow perforated packing .or connecting-piece is secured by rivets, dovetailing or other suitable means and Vserves topprovide a pad Vfor the hand, being so formed'in cross-section that it constitutes a handle inconjunctiongwith the vstrips a3v it is secured to, which are part of the body or shell a of the device. The said connecting or packing-piece 7j is preferably formed with rounded edges, or beads b or it is of dumb-bell form when viewed in cross-section to the axis of thetool.

I put tov or is designed for.

` Preferably the bodyor'shell dof the dej vice is made by producing outcuttings Vor blanks a from sheet metal and'folding to;V

the desired U or channel form at the one end andto the circularV or elliptical form at the other, and then joining the circularly `formed part a2 or elliptically formed part where the edges of the originally flatmetal sheetabut by means of welding or brazing. obvious, however, that various modifications of the shape of the outer fsh'ell or body will be necessaryto meet the requirements of the different purposesto which the tool willbe In Figs. .12 and 13 of the drawings it will be seen b y the dotted lines approximately where the two examples of outcutting or blanks a6 illus-v trated'are folded or bent to give them their ultimate form.

-pon these outcuttings or blanks a4 ears, lugs, or projecting parts a5 (see Fig. 12) are formed for the purpose of folding around,

It will be to givethat edge or Vface of thebody a remote from the bottom, its U form. rlhesaid outcuttings orv blanks are when necessary formed with rectangularly 'formed perforal tions c or -c the former one c (see Fig. 12)

fis secured orl anchored by welding, brazing ners, pipe-grips, wrenches-or like tools are'v located, while at the other end a2 or that one or the like between thevprojections or parts ai* of the outcutting. as and infthecase of "spanners the shell or body" is preferably so 'shaped above these parts that the edges of the shell or body adjacent thereto form facesV at an ang-letto the'face of the fixed jaw (see `Figs.'4, 12 and 17); the movable; jaw also has an angularface yadj acent t'o its main face. These additionalfaces are at 120o to thel kmain gripping faces-vof the jaws, and there- Vfore the tool may be engaged with four sides nection with, without departing fromjthe spirit of the said invention.v

Y What I claim is j l. In a device of the class specified, a metal shell Vof U-shaped formV with one extremity wider than the other, the wider extremity havinglateral jaw-engaging projections, the

iop

shell forming inclosmg'means andvhaving a fixed jaw secured between the said-projec-f A tions, thefixed jaw having a shank extending materially ,into the shell. toward its narrow extremity and closely fitting against the front portion'A thereof, Vthe narrower Vex tremity of the shell having ha ndle"means secured to its extremity, ya slidable j aw havv ing a shank mountedbetween, the rear edge of the shank of the fixed jaw andthe rear wall of the shell, the shank of the slidable .jaw also' having an operating deviceextend-` ing therefrom, and means associated with Y slidable jaw, thejdependingshank of the the handle means for yoperating the said.

fixedjaw bracing thejfront portion of theV shell .and serving as a guiding bearingtforcontact therewith "of the front -edge fof the shank of the slidable jaw'.

2. Ina device of the class specified, a

comprising a metal shell of U-shaped formhaving one extremity wider than the other and `provided-'with parallel vlaterally extending jaw-engaging.projections, the shell providing mcloslng means and having a lixed jaw .Secured between the jaw projec-v tions, the said kprojections extending' fully over opposite sides of the lixed jaw and each' having an edge flush with the working face of the jaw to increase the support and resistance of the latter jaw, the-narrower eX- tremity of the shellbeing provided Witha tubular hand-gripping means and having the opposite side edges of the parts of said narrower extremity embedded and secured in said hand gripping means, a slidable jaw movable between the fixed j aw and the back portion of the shell and having a shank inclosed by the shell and operating through 10 the said hand-gripping means, and means for operating the said slidable j aw.

FRANK HUMPHRIS.

Witnesses:

ERNEST ZAPPERT,

GEORGE HARRISON. 

